Java is verbose. Java is slow. Java is corporate garbage. Java is dead.

As you throw all this trash on java do you know that your Bank runs on java,Netflix runs on java, even Minecraft runs on java

And now, with Java 25 dropping as the first LTS release since Java 21, it's clear that Java isn't just surviving. It's thriving.

Java 25 isn't just another release. JDK 25 launched on September 16, 2025, bringing 18 major enhancements that fundamentally change how you write Java. While many vendors will provide long-term support for their JDK 25 distributions, the platform itself focuses on making Java simpler, faster, and more accessible.

Java is now simpler, more accessible, and more powerful than ever before.If you've been hiding in your

 bunker, now's the time to come out. This release cuts boilerplate, improves performance, and finally fixes features that made your code look like tax forms.

How beginners can write Java without ancient rituals

Performance improvements that reduce cloud costs by 10-20%

Security features for quantum-safe encryption

Which new features are production-ready versus preview

 The acceptance that java is moving to a better place 

Write Your First Program Without the Ceremony

 before printing "Hello World"? By the time you finished, beginners had defected to Python.

JDK 25 finalizes compact source files and instance main methods after four preview rounds. Here's a complete Java program:

No class declaration. No public static void ceremony. 

 class, which provides simpler terminal I/O backed by 

This makes Java competitive with Python and JavaScript for beginners without sacrificing enterprise capabilities. It's also great for writing Java scripts.

Instead of importing individual types, import entire modules:

Module imports are superior to star imports because they import a 

 instead of a random slice of it. They're ideal for experiments, demos, scripts, and early learning. This feature is final in JDK 25 without changes.

 as the very first thing. Need to validate parameters first? Too bad.

 to constructor bodies that executes before calling another constructor. The prologue can do whatever it wants except reference the instance under construction (except for field assignments).

This is particularly handy when writing records, which require constructor chaining. The feature is final in JDK 25.

Pattern Matching for Primitives (Third Preview)

Pattern matching now handles primitive types in 

, currently in its third preview and unchanged from JDK 24.

This eliminates the boxing dance and feels less like Java 1.2 code. Still seeking feedback before finalization.

API Improvements: Security and Concurrency

The KDF API is the second step toward supporting hybrid public key encryption, enabling smooth transition to quantum-safe algorithms. This matters now, so data intercepted today can't be decrypted when quantum computing arrives.

KDFs use cryptographic inputs like initial key material, salt values, and pseudorandom functions to create new cryptographically strong key material:

No more copying questionable crypto code from Stack Overflow. The KDF API is final in JDK 25 after the Key Encapsulation Mechanism (KEM) API in JDK 21.

You know those text blocks that start with 

? That's PEM (Privacy Enhanced Mail) format, originally standardized for exchanging cryptographic objects via email.

Starting in preview with JDK 25, Java can convert between PEM text and cryptographic objects in binary formats like PKCS #8, PKCS #1, and X.509. This includes private and public keys, certificates, and certificate revocation lists.

No more third-party libraries to parse certificates.

Scoped values are finally final after four preview rounds. They're like ThreadLocal but without memory leaks or career-ending production bugs.

This API shares immutable references to data with callees within a thread and child threads. It's easier to use, more comprehensible, robust, and performant than thread locals—perfect for passing request IDs or auth tokens when spawning virtual threads.

The tradeoff: data only passes one way within a predetermined scope, which covers the most common use case.

The structured concurrency API rethinks how to organize concurrency. If a task splits into concurrent subtasks, the task should await their completion and process their errors or results in the same scope.

 Always follows the same procedure—set up subtasks, wait for completion or cancellation, decide whether to succeed or fail

 Failing subtasks can cancel other ongoing subtasks (short circuiting)

 If a task gets cancelled, so do all subtasks, potentially down a large task tree

 Clear thread hierarchy between tasks and subtasks

 Thread dumps display the thread/task hierarchy clearly

The API is in its fifth preview with noticeable revamps over earlier versions. Try it and report your experience to the loom-dev mailing list.

The stable values API offers lazy, exactly-once initialization that enables aggressive JIT performance optimizations through close cooperation with the runtime.

The reference to the instance, once created, is truly final and can't be changed even through reflection—like record fields but unlike final fields in regular classes.

The API uses a functional approach where invoking 

 returns a supplier of the desired instance. Similar methods exist for lazily populated collections.

Compact Object Headers (Production Ready)

Every object on the heap has a header the JVM uses for typing, locking, and garbage collection. Compact object headers, introduced experimentally in JDK 24, reduce this overhead by one-third to one-half.

 10-20% reduction in overall memory consumption in typical cases

Shrinking object headers from 96-128 bits down to 64 bits on 64-bit architectures means less RAM and fewer dollars to AWS. This results from denser memory layout and reduced GC pressure.

After extensive testing and production validation, compact object headers are production-ready in JDK 25. Enable with:

Observe your application carefully to verify it helps—results aren't guaranteed but likely positive.

Generational Shenandoah (Production Ready)

Shenandoah gained experimental generational mode in JDK 24. After stability and performance improvements, it's production-ready in JDK 25.

Generational mode provides better young-old generation separation with fewer GC pauses. Your microservices stop hiccupping every time they allocate a string.

-XX:+UseShenandoahGC -XX:ShenandoahGCMode=generational


Dive into our programming articles for insights and tips. Covering a range of topics, they're perfect for learners at any level eager to expand their knowledge.

Dive into our programming articles for insights and tips.

Articles

What's new in Java 25

Swagger Documentation in NestJS: A Friendly Guide

By the end of this guide, you'll have live API documentation running at 

 that your team can actually use. No more "check the code" responses.

 who are tired of answering the same API questions repeatedly

 building APIs that frontend teams need to consume

 who want to improve team collaboration and reduce documentation debt

 - if you've built a few NestJS endpoints and want to document them properly without losing your mind

Basic TypeScript (interfaces, classes, decorators)

NestJS fundamentals (controllers, services, modules)

Experience building at least 2-3 REST endpoints

Familiarity with DTOs (Data Transfer Objects)

A NestJS project (we'll start from scratch so dont worry if you dont have one)

Let's start with the problem. You build an API. Your teammates need to use it. They ask you on Slack: 

"What's the endpoint? What parameters? What comes back?"

 You copy-paste code snippets. They ask more questions. This happens ten times a day.

 solves this. It's a live, interactive documentation page that shows:

A "try it out" button so people can test without Postman

API's instruction manual that updates itself as you code.

 to your code, Swagger reads it and shows it in a nice UI. Your teammates can click around, see examples, and test endpoints right there in their browser.

The best part? Once it's set up, maintaining it is just decorating your code as you go. No separate doc files to remember updating.

You need Node.js installed and a NestJS project. If you don't have one yet, create it:

What just happened? You told NestJS to create a documentation page at 

 is where you set the title and description people see when they open your docs. The 

 part adds an "Authorize" button (we'll use this later for protected endpoints).

 It's probably empty right now because we haven't documented any endpoints yet, but the page is there. This is your API documentation home. Bookmark it, because you'll be here a lot.

Here's where it gets interesting. Swagger can't read your mind. If you have a DTO like this:

Swagger sees it as an empty object. Useless. Your teammates won't know what fields to send.

You need to decorate each field so Swagger knows what to show. Create 

 decorators? That's Swagger's magic word. Now when someone looks at your docs, they see:

 is especially important. When someone clicks "Try it out" in Swagger, these examples pre-fill the form. They don't have to guess what "title" should look like.

This works, but Swagger doesn't know what these endpoints do. Let's fix that:

 at the top groups all these endpoints under a "tasks" section in Swagger. If you have 50 endpoints, this grouping makes them scannable instead of overwhelming.

@ApiOperation({ summary: 'Create a new task' })

 adds a short description under each endpoint. When someone's scanning your docs, they see "Create a new task" instead of just "POST /tasks" and immediately know what it does.

 tells Swagger "this is a success response." The 

 tells it "the response looks like this DTO." If you put 

 with brackets, Swagger knows it's an array.

 at the controller level adds a little lock icon to all these endpoints. It tells users "you need to be authenticated to use these."

. Your endpoints are now organized, described, and documented. Click "Try it out" on the POST endpoint and you'll see your example values pre-filled!

Step 4: Make the "Authorize" button actually work

Right now that lock icon and "Authorize" button don't do anything. Let's fix that with a simple auth guard.

Now go back to Swagger. Click the "Authorize" button at the top right. You'll see a modal asking for a token. Type 

 (without "Bearer", Swagger adds that) and click "Authorize."

Try calling an endpoint now. It works! Without the token, you get a 401 error. With it, you get your response.

This is huge for your team. They can test authenticated endpoints right in the browser without setting up Postman, configuring auth, and copying tokens around.

, but Swagger only shows the input DTO. That's confusing. Let's create a proper response DTO.

Refresh Swagger. Now the response section shows the complete structure including 

. Your teammates know exactly what they're getting back.

When things go wrong (and how to fix them)

Intergrating Swagger To A Nestjs application: Build API Documentation That Actually Gets Used

Build Spring Boot applications faster by mastering the annotations you'll use every day. This guide covers:

Component management with stereotype annotations

 Basic Java knowledge and familiarity with Spring Boot project structure.

 Metadata providing information to the Spring framework

 An object managed by the Spring container

 Spring automatically provides objects your code needs

 Spring automatically discovers and registers beans

 Special annotations that categorize Spring components

 are instructions that tell Spring how to manage your application. 

 that help Spring organize and wire your application automatically.

 eliminate XML configuration and reduce boilerplate code. They tell Spring how to manage your objects, wire dependencies, and configure your application. 

Understanding annotations is essential for building modern Spring applications efficiently.

This single annotation starts your entire application. It combines three annotations:

Marks the class as a configuration source

Scans for components( component scanning) in the current package and subpackages

 Every Spring Boot application needs exactly one class with this annotation.

Spring uses stereotype annotations to identify and manage different types of components.

Marks any class as a Spring-managed component.

 For utility classes that don't fit other categories.

 For classes containing business logic and operations.

Marks data access classes. Automatically translates database exceptions into Spring's exception hierarchy.

 For classes that interact with databases.

 returns view names for rendering HTML pages:

Tells Spring to inject dependencies automatically. Constructor injection is recommended over field injection.

 It makes dependencies explicit, enables immutability with 

Specifies which bean to inject when multiple beans of the same type exist.

Binds the HTTP request body to a method parameter.

Create and configure beans manually when you need fine-grained control.

 For third-party libraries, complex initialization logic, or when you need multiple beans of the same type.

Spring Boot Annotations:

A basic understanding that Java code needs to be compiled and run.

No prior deep knowledge of Java's architecture is required.

 The core Java platform for desktop and server applications.

 The platform-independent, compiled Java code.

 Build automation tools that manage dependencies and compilation.

If you've ever felt overwhelmed by the JDK, JRE, and JVM, well worrry no more you are in good company. These three "J-acronyms" are the pillars of the Java universe, and understanding their relationship is the first step to truly mastering the language.

Let's break down what each one does and how they work together, using a simple house building analogy.

The JDK is the entire construction company.

 It has all the tools, architects, and workers.

 It's ready for someone to live in (run the program).

 It's what makes the house livable on any piece of land (any operating system).

1. The JVM (Java Virtual Machine): The "The Foundation"

 The JVM is an abstract computing machine. It's the reason for Java's famous "Write Once, Run Anywhere" (WORA) capability.

 the bytecode into machine-specific instructions.

 memory (garbage collection) and provides the runtime environment.

 The JVM is what makes Java cross-platform. You write code once, and the JVM for Windows, Mac, or Linux handles the translation for its specific operating system.

2. The JRE (Java Runtime Environment): The "Move-In Ready House"

 The JRE is a software package. If you only want to 

 End-users who need to run Java applications but won't be writing any code themselves.

) or development tools. You can't create Java programs with just the JRE.

3. JSE (Java Platform, Standard Edition): "The Neighborhood"

 JSE is the core Java platform that defines the specifications for the JDK, JRE, and the standard Java libraries.

 for the Java language and virtual machine

 that Oracle and other vendors implement when they create their JDK and JRE distributions.

 You'll often see "Java SE" in documentation and download pages—this is what most developers use for general-purpose Java development.

 Build Tools: Maven and Gradle - "Your Construction Managers"

While you can compile Java programs manually with 

, real-world projects use build tools to automate the process.

 uses a declarative approach with XML configuration:

 uses a more flexible Groovy or Kotlin DSL:

4. The JDK (Java Development Kit): The "Full Construction Company"

 The JDK is the complete toolkit for Java developers. If you want to 

 Java applications, you must install the JDK.

 (which contains the JVM and libraries), so you can run your code.

Let's create a simple program that demonstrates the entire workflow from writing code to execution. We'll build a mini calculator.

Step 1: Write the Java Code (Using JDK Tools)

Open your terminal/command prompt and navigate to where you saved the file:


 file into platform-independent bytecode in a new file called 

Interpreted the bytecode for your specific operating system

Are you curious lets have a look at the bytecode

This relationship is the most important part to understand. It's not three separate things, but a set of nested components.

 (which is part of the JRE) loads the bytecode, interprets it, and runs it on your machine.

What is the Difference Between JDK, JRE and JVM in Java?

If you've ever been confused about what exactly a "

 is, you're not alone. I remember staring at my screen, seeing 

Why all the fancy names?" Turns out, understanding the difference between 

was the missing piece. Let's clear this up in plain English.

Before diving in, you should be familiar with:

 - Plain Old Java Object (a simple Java class with no special rules)

 - A POJO that follows specific naming conventions

 - Any object whose lifecycle is managed by the Spring IoC container

 - Spring's mechanism for creating and managing objects

 - The process of providing dependencies to objects

First Things First: What Are We Actually Talking About?

Lets traceback just a little beat to the context of beans in java...

We'll start by defining these three concepts below

 Just a regular Java class with no special rules. It's your basic building block:

A Java Bean is a POJO that follows three specific rules to work seamlessly across your application or  to be universally usable:

Search For

What's new in Java 25

Intergrating Swagger To A Nestjs application: Build API Documentation That Actually Gets Used

Spring Boot Annotations:

What is the Difference Between JDK, JRE and JVM in Java?

Spring Beans Explained: What They Actually Are and When to Use Them

Tired of Bad Docs? Here’s How to Write Technical Content People Will Actually Read.

What is Inversion of Control?

Master Any Framework: The Mindset Shift That Actually Works

What Makes Buffers,Streams and Files Different?

Practice Frontend, Android and iOS by building real world projects.