Java is verbose. Java is slow. Java is corporate garbage. Java is dead.

As you throw all this trash on java do you know that your Bank runs on java,Netflix runs on java, even Minecraft runs on java

And now, with Java 25 dropping as the first LTS release since Java 21, it's clear that Java isn't just surviving. It's thriving.

Java 25 isn't just another release. JDK 25 launched on September 16, 2025, bringing 18 major enhancements that fundamentally change how you write Java. While many vendors will provide long-term support for their JDK 25 distributions, the platform itself focuses on making Java simpler, faster, and more accessible.

Java is now simpler, more accessible, and more powerful than ever before.If you've been hiding in your

 bunker, now's the time to come out. This release cuts boilerplate, improves performance, and finally fixes features that made your code look like tax forms.

How beginners can write Java without ancient rituals

Performance improvements that reduce cloud costs by 10-20%

Security features for quantum-safe encryption

Which new features are production-ready versus preview

 The acceptance that java is moving to a better place 

Write Your First Program Without the Ceremony

 before printing "Hello World"? By the time you finished, beginners had defected to Python.

JDK 25 finalizes compact source files and instance main methods after four preview rounds. Here's a complete Java program:

No class declaration. No public static void ceremony. 

 class, which provides simpler terminal I/O backed by 

This makes Java competitive with Python and JavaScript for beginners without sacrificing enterprise capabilities. It's also great for writing Java scripts.

Instead of importing individual types, import entire modules:

Module imports are superior to star imports because they import a 

 instead of a random slice of it. They're ideal for experiments, demos, scripts, and early learning. This feature is final in JDK 25 without changes.

 as the very first thing. Need to validate parameters first? Too bad.

 to constructor bodies that executes before calling another constructor. The prologue can do whatever it wants except reference the instance under construction (except for field assignments).

This is particularly handy when writing records, which require constructor chaining. The feature is final in JDK 25.

Pattern Matching for Primitives (Third Preview)

Pattern matching now handles primitive types in 

, currently in its third preview and unchanged from JDK 24.

This eliminates the boxing dance and feels less like Java 1.2 code. Still seeking feedback before finalization.

API Improvements: Security and Concurrency

The KDF API is the second step toward supporting hybrid public key encryption, enabling smooth transition to quantum-safe algorithms. This matters now, so data intercepted today can't be decrypted when quantum computing arrives.

KDFs use cryptographic inputs like initial key material, salt values, and pseudorandom functions to create new cryptographically strong key material:

No more copying questionable crypto code from Stack Overflow. The KDF API is final in JDK 25 after the Key Encapsulation Mechanism (KEM) API in JDK 21.

You know those text blocks that start with 

? That's PEM (Privacy Enhanced Mail) format, originally standardized for exchanging cryptographic objects via email.

Starting in preview with JDK 25, Java can convert between PEM text and cryptographic objects in binary formats like PKCS #8, PKCS #1, and X.509. This includes private and public keys, certificates, and certificate revocation lists.

No more third-party libraries to parse certificates.

Scoped values are finally final after four preview rounds. They're like ThreadLocal but without memory leaks or career-ending production bugs.

This API shares immutable references to data with callees within a thread and child threads. It's easier to use, more comprehensible, robust, and performant than thread locals—perfect for passing request IDs or auth tokens when spawning virtual threads.

The tradeoff: data only passes one way within a predetermined scope, which covers the most common use case.

The structured concurrency API rethinks how to organize concurrency. If a task splits into concurrent subtasks, the task should await their completion and process their errors or results in the same scope.

 Always follows the same procedure—set up subtasks, wait for completion or cancellation, decide whether to succeed or fail

 Failing subtasks can cancel other ongoing subtasks (short circuiting)

 If a task gets cancelled, so do all subtasks, potentially down a large task tree

 Clear thread hierarchy between tasks and subtasks

 Thread dumps display the thread/task hierarchy clearly

The API is in its fifth preview with noticeable revamps over earlier versions. Try it and report your experience to the loom-dev mailing list.

The stable values API offers lazy, exactly-once initialization that enables aggressive JIT performance optimizations through close cooperation with the runtime.

The reference to the instance, once created, is truly final and can't be changed even through reflection—like record fields but unlike final fields in regular classes.

The API uses a functional approach where invoking 

 returns a supplier of the desired instance. Similar methods exist for lazily populated collections.

Compact Object Headers (Production Ready)

Every object on the heap has a header the JVM uses for typing, locking, and garbage collection. Compact object headers, introduced experimentally in JDK 24, reduce this overhead by one-third to one-half.

 10-20% reduction in overall memory consumption in typical cases

Shrinking object headers from 96-128 bits down to 64 bits on 64-bit architectures means less RAM and fewer dollars to AWS. This results from denser memory layout and reduced GC pressure.

After extensive testing and production validation, compact object headers are production-ready in JDK 25. Enable with:

Observe your application carefully to verify it helps—results aren't guaranteed but likely positive.

Generational Shenandoah (Production Ready)

Shenandoah gained experimental generational mode in JDK 24. After stability and performance improvements, it's production-ready in JDK 25.

Generational mode provides better young-old generation separation with fewer GC pauses. Your microservices stop hiccupping every time they allocate a string.

-XX:+UseShenandoahGC -XX:ShenandoahGCMode=generational


Dive into our programming articles for insights and tips. Covering a range of topics, they're perfect for learners at any level eager to expand their knowledge.

Dive into our programming articles for insights and tips.

Articles

What's new in Java 25

A basic understanding that Java code needs to be compiled and run.

No prior deep knowledge of Java's architecture is required.

 The core Java platform for desktop and server applications.

 The platform-independent, compiled Java code.

 Build automation tools that manage dependencies and compilation.

If you've ever felt overwhelmed by the JDK, JRE, and JVM, well worrry no more you are in good company. These three "J-acronyms" are the pillars of the Java universe, and understanding their relationship is the first step to truly mastering the language.

Let's break down what each one does and how they work together, using a simple house building analogy.

The JDK is the entire construction company.

 It has all the tools, architects, and workers.

 It's ready for someone to live in (run the program).

 It's what makes the house livable on any piece of land (any operating system).

1. The JVM (Java Virtual Machine): The "The Foundation"

 The JVM is an abstract computing machine. It's the reason for Java's famous "Write Once, Run Anywhere" (WORA) capability.

 the bytecode into machine-specific instructions.

 memory (garbage collection) and provides the runtime environment.

 The JVM is what makes Java cross-platform. You write code once, and the JVM for Windows, Mac, or Linux handles the translation for its specific operating system.

2. The JRE (Java Runtime Environment): The "Move-In Ready House"

 The JRE is a software package. If you only want to 

 End-users who need to run Java applications but won't be writing any code themselves.

) or development tools. You can't create Java programs with just the JRE.

3. JSE (Java Platform, Standard Edition): "The Neighborhood"

 JSE is the core Java platform that defines the specifications for the JDK, JRE, and the standard Java libraries.

 for the Java language and virtual machine

 that Oracle and other vendors implement when they create their JDK and JRE distributions.

 You'll often see "Java SE" in documentation and download pages—this is what most developers use for general-purpose Java development.

 Build Tools: Maven and Gradle - "Your Construction Managers"

While you can compile Java programs manually with 

, real-world projects use build tools to automate the process.

 uses a declarative approach with XML configuration:

 uses a more flexible Groovy or Kotlin DSL:

4. The JDK (Java Development Kit): The "Full Construction Company"

 The JDK is the complete toolkit for Java developers. If you want to 

 Java applications, you must install the JDK.

 (which contains the JVM and libraries), so you can run your code.

Let's create a simple program that demonstrates the entire workflow from writing code to execution. We'll build a mini calculator.

Step 1: Write the Java Code (Using JDK Tools)

Open your terminal/command prompt and navigate to where you saved the file:


 file into platform-independent bytecode in a new file called 

Interpreted the bytecode for your specific operating system

Are you curious lets have a look at the bytecode

This relationship is the most important part to understand. It's not three separate things, but a set of nested components.

 (which is part of the JRE) loads the bytecode, interprets it, and runs it on your machine.

What is the Difference Between JDK, JRE and JVM in Java?

If you've ever been confused about what exactly a "

 is, you're not alone. I remember staring at my screen, seeing 

Why all the fancy names?" Turns out, understanding the difference between 

was the missing piece. Let's clear this up in plain English.

Before diving in, you should be familiar with:

 - Plain Old Java Object (a simple Java class with no special rules)

 - A POJO that follows specific naming conventions

 - Any object whose lifecycle is managed by the Spring IoC container

 - Spring's mechanism for creating and managing objects

 - The process of providing dependencies to objects

First Things First: What Are We Actually Talking About?

Lets traceback just a little beat to the context of beans in java...

We'll start by defining these three concepts below

 Just a regular Java class with no special rules. It's your basic building block:

A Java Bean is a POJO that follows three specific rules to work seamlessly across your application or  to be universally usable:

Keep your class properties private to protect program state.

Provide controlled access to private fields.

Include a constructor with no parameters.

Use Java Beans when passing data between application layers:

 - Spring, Hibernate, and other frameworks expect these conventions


✓ No-arg constructor
✓ Getters and setters
✓ Serializable (usually)
✓ Private fields

It's any object that Spring assembles and manages in its workshop.

It's any object that Spring creates, manages, and serves to you when you need it. The material doesn't matter - what matters is that Spring handles everything from creation to cleanup.

Let me share the analogy that finally made sense:

Imagine you're building a digital coffee shop ☕. You have:

 you're bypassing Spring's workshop entirely. No dependency injection, no lifecycle management - just a lonely object that doesn't know about its surroundings.

See the difference? In the second example, you're telling Spring: 

"Hey, I need a Barista - you handle finding the grinder and frother and putting it all together!"

Spring's Workshop: How Beans Come to Life

Here's what happens behind the scenes in Spring's workshop:

 - Spring finds your class during component scanning

 - Spring looks at your constructor parameters

 - Spring finds or creates the dependencies

 - Spring calls your constructor with everything needed

 You just declare what you need, and Spring handles the rest.

Here's what happens behind the scenes in Spring's kitchen:

, it's like giving Spring a recipe. Spring finds your recipe during what's called "

), gathers them from its pantry, and serves you a fully-prepared object.

The beautiful part? You don't wash the dishes, you don't measure the ingredients - you just enjoy the finished coffee.

 The Conditional Approach (For Flexibility)

 when you only want beans created in specific environments or under certain conditions.

What Actually Happens: The Bean Lifecycle ...

When Spring creates a bean, it goes through several phases. You don't need to memorize them all, but it helps to know the key points where you can hook in:

Spring Beans Explained: What They Actually Are and When to Use Them

In a typical traditional office setting, files are used to store crucial data that are later referenced for decision-making. File use also extends to the organization of crucial information including images, and texts that provide data essential in informing decisions. File operations include creating, reading, editing, and deleting data stored for different purposes. In the case of a computer system, file operations encompass the creation of files, writing into files, deletion of files, and file reading. In programming, file management is essential in the development of large-scale systems that rely on files for different processes. In this article, we will look into different file operations in Java, ensuring we can use files appropriately.

File creation is an important process that allows the user to utilize the file for a write operation at a later stage. During file creation, we use the class provided by 

 method that returns a boolean. If the file is created it returns true. It returns a false if the file has already been created.

In the above code block, we enclose our code in the

block to take care of a possible IOException that occurs when file creation fails.

We then create a file object named myFile and assign the value to a new File called filename with the extension .txt. In the 

 statement, we call createNewFile() on myFile object. If a success we alert the user we have successfully created the file filename.txt. Otherwise, we alert the user that the file already exists. Notably, running the above program twice will provide the following outcomes;

In the first run, the file will be created, and in the proceeding runs the file already exists, as such will not be created, and instead, the else statement is executed.

Writing into a file is made possible in Java by the 

 class. Before writing into a file, we create a FileWriter object that takes the argument of the file (filename and extension) in which we want to write. Similar to how we handled IOException we use the try-catch statement to prevent a crash.


In the above code block, we initialize the FileWriter object called myFileObject with the file we will be writing on; filename.txt. To write into the file, we use the 

 method which accepts the content we are attempting to write into the file. We then close the file using the 

In the previous section, we performed a write operation into the file filename.txt. In this section, we are going to read the file content. To read file content, we use the

 method which checks whether there exist more lines of text on the file. We wrap our code in a try-catch block when reading file content. We execute the read operation in the try statement and use the catch block to handle the FileNotFoundException.



In the above code snippet, we first create a File object to initialize the file whose content we will be reading. We then create a Scanner object that we will use to read the content of our File Object. To read the contents of our file, we use a while loop that checks whether the file has more lines to read, and stops when there is no more content left when we use the 

 method. Inside the while loop, we use the Scanner object and the 

 method to read our file content and store it in the String variable data. We then display our data.

The last file operation is deletion. While not quite the best approach when handling files, deletion is still a fundamental action in file operations. To delete a file, we use the 

It is always a good practice to check if a file exists before proceeding to delete the file.

Note: It is important to always handle your exceptions when you work with files.

java Articles

What's new in Java 25

What is the Difference Between JDK, JRE and JVM in Java?

Spring Beans Explained: What They Actually Are and When to Use Them

File Operations in Java

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