CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a cornerstone technology of the web, which is used to describe the presentation of web pages, including 

. In this guide to help you prepare for your next interview, we've compiled a list of 50 CSS interview questions and answers.

 and is used to style and layout web pages. It controls the design and feel of websites, from 

. A simple example in real life would be a building that hasn't yet been renovated or awaiting professionals like painters to transform the building into an aesthetic pleasing and functional space.

A CSS selector is a pattern used to select the elements you want to style.

Specificity determines which CSS rule is applied by the browser when multiple rules could apply to the same element. It's calculated based on the types of selectors used.

5. What are the different types of CSS selectors?

The CSS Box Model describes the rectangular boxes generated for elements in the document tree. It usually defines the element's 

The four essential components of the box model are 

7. How do you center a block element horizontally?

You can center a block element horizontally using 

. Block elements take up the whole width, remember that. 

8. What is the difference between padding and margin?

Padding is the space between the content and the border, while margin is the space outside the border.

Flexbox is a CSS layout module designed to make it easy to align and distribute space among items in a container.

10. How do you create a Flexbox container?

You can create a Flexbox container by setting the display property to 

CSS Grid is a layout system optimized for creating 

You can create a Grid container by setting the display property to grid.

Responsive design ensures that web pages look good on all devices by using flexible layouts, images, and CSS media queries.

A media query is a CSS technique used to apply styles based on the conditions of the viewport, such as width or height.

15. What are the different CSS positioning schemes?

: Default position, elements are positioned according to the normal flow of the document.

: Positioned relative to its normal position.

: Positioned relative to the nearest positioned ancestor.

: Switches between relative and fixed, depending on scroll position.

A sticky element toggles between relative and fixed positioning, depending on the user's scroll position.

18. What is the difference between SASS and SCSS?

 uses curly braces and semicolons, making it more similar to standard CSS.

Pseudo-classes are used to define the special states of an element e.g. 

Pseudo-elements are used to style specific parts of an element.

This refers to the CSS required to render the 

 content of a webpage, improving initial load times.

25. How do you resolve cross-browser compatibility issues in CSS?

26. How do you make a background image cover the entire screen?

You can use the background-size: cover; property.

You can create a CSS triangle using the border property.

28. How do you hide an element but keep it in the DOM?

CSS transitions allow you to change property values smoothly over a given duration.

 removes the element from the document flow, while 

 hides the element but keeps it in the flow.

Dive into our programming articles for insights and tips. Covering a range of topics, they're perfect for learners at any level eager to expand their knowledge.

Dive into our programming articles for insights and tips.

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50+ CSS Interview Questions and Answers

Grid is a powerful layout tool for creating responsive website layouts. It is more structured, using a grid-based layout system of rows and columns, which makes it better than using other traditional layouts, such as floats.

In this guide, we will explore more on the grid, so buckle up and let’s get started.

By the end, you’ll be able to fully understand comprehensively about Grid.

You will get hands-on experience with examples to deepen your understanding.

You will have the opportunity to do a practical guide in building a responsive web page using grid.

CSS Grid is a powerful layout system in CSS that lets you arrange elements in a two-dimensional grid—both 

. It makes creating complex, responsive web layouts simple and intuitive.

t: CSS Grid allows you to layout items in both rows and columns simultaneously.

: Easily resize and reposition elements to create responsive designs.

: Reduces the need for floats, positioning, and other hacks, resulting in cleaner and more maintainable code.

 when you need one-dimensional control (either rows or columns).

Grid offers an efficient way to create complex and responsive web layouts. Before CSS Grid, achieving such layouts required a mix of floats, positioning, and other hacks developers could come up with, which were often complex and difficult to maintain.

Below are some of the reasons why CSS Grid came into play the most:

: A CSS Grid allows you to create complex layouts easily, without the need for floats or positioning tricks.

 Makes it easy to create responsive designs by allowing you to define grid structures that adapt to different screen sizes.

 Using simple and flexible assets, you can place objects exactly where you want them in the grid.

CSS Grid supports flexible sizing, including fr units, making it easy to allocate space accordingly based on available space.

Provides energy with the ability to align and space both vertically and horizontally, ensuring a consistent and balanced layout.

 You can define and name grid fields, making your code more readable and easier to maintain.

 CSS Grid allows you to have a complex layout with less code and fewer hacks, resulting in cleaner and more maintainable CSS.

 CSS grids allow for overlapping elements, enabling creative layouts that were difficult to accomplish with older layout methods.

For more complex web apps, it is best to use a grid.

This is the foundation of the grid, defining the grid area and holding the grid items. You can set it with this code here: 

These are invisible horizontal and vertical lines that divide the grid container into rows and columns. They are useful in helping you know where to position your items within the grid container.

The content you want to arrange within the grid layout. These can be any HTML elements, like 

A grid layout can contain a parent element with one or more child elements.

A grid track is a space between two adjacent grid lines. It can be either a row track or a column track. Essentially, it is the space defined between two horizontal lines (rows) or two vertical lines (columns).

A grid cell is the smallest unit in a CSS grid layout. It is the space between four grid lines (two horizontal and two vertical) and is equivalent to a single "cell" in the grid.

A grid area is a rectangular space on the grid defined by four grid lines: the starting and ending lines for both columns and rows. You can name grid areas and use them to place items in a more semantic and readable way.

 properties. These properties accept values like 

 unit for flexible sizing based on available space.

 property to make them visible for reference during development. This can be helpful for visualizing the grid structure and ensuring accurate item placement.

 property to make a block level grid container or grid-inline to make an inline grid container.

The image above is set to grid as the display property.

You’ve noticed the behavior above, when you apply the display:

- When you define a grid container, it acts like a flexible box that expands to fill its parent element by default. This ensures all the rows and columns you define are displayed, even if there isn't enough content to fill them all.

 In contrast, inline-grid behaves more like inline elements. They only take up the space needed for their content and don't inherently expand to fill the available space.

You can adjust the gap size by using one of the following properties:

You may also want to set both row and column together, using 

(row lines) and are used to define where you would like to start placing your items in a container. The properties you could use are 

, which are the individual elements you place in the grid. By default, the container has 

 item for each column per row, but you can configure the grid items to span multiple columns and/or rows.

It is important to understand that we define a grid item’s property on the item, not the container.

Understanding how to edit and manipulate these grid elements is key to successfully mastering a CSS grid.

A grid item's properties specify how browsers should layout a specified item within the grid box model.

There are different grid item’s properties; they are:

Let’s go through them one by one in detail with demonstrations.

Grid columns are the vertical divisions of your grid. You define them using the 

 property. This will allow you to specify the number of columns and their widths.


In our code above, the grid container is divided into three columns, where the middle column is twice as wide as the other two.

This property defines where you can place your item within a 

, and you will be able to define where the item will 

 property is a shorthand property for the 

You could write it this way with shorthand:

grid-column: grid-column-start / grid-column-end;

You can either decide to use the line numbers or use the keyword ‘span’ to define how many columns the item will span.

Using the above example code, our item will start from column 1 and end before column 3.

Similar to the grid columns, grid rows are horizontal divisions of your grids. You define them using the grid-template-rows property


CSS Grid: The Complete Guide

This guide introduces you to the basics of Flexbox, a powerful CSS tool that simplifies creating functional and modern layouts. The flexbox has made the web pages more intuitive, interactive and responsive, enhancing user interactions and satisfaction

In this guide, you'll become a master of the Flexbox model.

You will learn to perfectly align and distribute elements.

And finally, we will have a challenge and a practical guide with which we'll solve it together. 

 Have your preferred code editor ready, and let's do magic with Flexbox. You should be familiar with the basics of HTML and CSS, how they work. 

 is a powerful layout model in CSS that offers a more intuitive and efficient way for developers to arrange elements on a webpage. It replaces the older 

There are various places you can use Flexbox when you need to build responsive layouts, align and distribute content, and build complex UI (nested containers and dynamic content arrangements).

: Flexbox is a one-dimensional layout method, that primarily focuses on arranging elements along a single axis at a time. This axis can be 

. While float is still being used, it is considered less effective and prone to layout issues.

. grid is another powerful tool for creating complex layout, it is a two-dimensional layout with rows and columns and are appropriate for larger-scale layouts.

In the early days, developers would need to come up with complicated mathematics to come up with sizes to arrange and align items on their applications.  There was need to resolve these tiresome calculations, Flexbox came in handy, which then provides a flexible "

Flexbox has made it easier to come up with simple and easy layouts for responsive web pages. You could have done it before with a combination of floats and position properties, which were more complex and tiresome at the time.

Flexbox has made it all easier, simple to make web apps more responsive. You can now be able to perform the following with flexbox:

Flexbox makes it easier to design flexible and responsive layouts without using floats or positioning.

Automatically adjusts the space between elements to fit the container size, ensuring consistent spacing.

provides straightforward properties to align and center items both horizontally and vertically.

Adjusts elements based on their content, making it ideal for dynamic interfaces.

Allows easy reordering of elements without changing the HTML structure.

Minimises the need for complex CSS rules and hacks, resulting in cleaner and more maintainable code.

Knowing the benefits to flexbox derives the need to work around with them, let’s explore some of the concepts in it.

These axes are crucial for effectively using properties like `justify-content` (aligning items along the main axis) and `align-items` (aligning items along the cross axis).

The exes (main or cross) can be different either vertically or horizontally based on the value of `flex-direction`. 

The primary axis along which flex items are laid out. It is defined by the flex-direction property.

row (default): Main axis is horizontal, running from left to right.

column: Main axis is vertical, running from top to bottom.

The axis perpendicular to the main axis. It runs in the opposite direction to the main axis.

For row, the cross axis is vertical (top to bottom).

For column, the cross axis is horizontal (left to right).

To begin, you can create a folder, name it whatever you want, and then create two files, 

The flexbox container, also known as the 

, is the foundation of flexbox, holding the child elements you want to array using flexbox properties.

You can follow along with the code to practice, just paste the code to experiment with us as we go along.

To enable Flexbox on a container, you simply set the display property of the element to flex:

When you set the container flex, by default, the container would flex its items on the 

, direction property. The images below would justify the above properties, and you can do a checkup on your browser with the code provided alongside.

 defines the main axis along which items are laid out. Options include:

 Arranges items from left to right (horizontal, x axis).

 arranges items from top to bottom (vertical - y-axis).

 arranges items from right to left (horizontal reversed).

 arranges items from bottom to top (vertical reversed).

You can check the image below and do check up with the code sample provided to experiment it.

This property controls how flex items wrap onto multiple lines if they don't all fit on a single line within the container. 

The flex-wrap property provides flexibility in arranging items within a flex container.

Flex wrap can be useful when you need to let your items begin in a new line, rather than squeezing themselves into one line. The flex property has the following values:

This value prevents flex items from wrapping. All items will fit on a single line, and they will shrink to fit if necessary.

This value allows flex items to wrap onto multiple lines from top to bottom.

This value allows flex items to wrap onto multiple lines from bottom to top, the opposite of 

 value. The image below demonstrates how reverse works, it moves overflow items to the next top line instead of the next line below.

This is a shorthand property for setting both flex-direction and flex-wrap in one declaration. Try with this code here:

 property simplifies setting the direction and wrap behavior of flex items. Instead of writing two separate properties (

This property distributes flex items along the main axis of the container.

 might appear similar, they differ in spacing distribution. 

 ensures equal space around all items, while 

 gives half the space at the edges compared to the space between items. This results in larger gaps between items in 

This property aligns flex items along the cross axis of the container (perpendicular to the main axis).

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50+ CSS Interview Questions and Answers

CSS Grid: The Complete Guide

Flexbox: The Complete Guide

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